TESA

Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA) is a surgical sperm retrieval technique designed for men with infertility issues. The procedure involves using a fine needle to aspirate sperm directly from the testicle, bypassing any blockage or issue in the reproductive tract that may prevent sperm from being present in the ejaculate.

TESA is commonly used in cases of azoospermia, where there is no sperm in the semen. This can occur due to either a blockage in the male reproductive system or because the testes are not producing sperm (non-obstructive azoospermia). In these cases, TESA provides a way to collect sperm directly from the testes to use in advanced fertility treatments like IVF or ICSI.

The TESA procedure typically involves the following steps:

• Pre-Procedure Evaluation: Before performing TESA, a fertility specialist will conduct a series of tests to evaluate the cause of infertility. This often includes a semen analysis to confirm azoospermia, blood tests, and an ultrasound of the testes to assess their condition.
  
• Local Anesthesia: TESA is usually performed under local anesthesia, which numbs the area where the needle will be inserted. The procedure is typically done in a clinic or hospital setting and does not require general anesthesia.
  
• Sperm Retrieval: A fine needle is inserted through the scrotum into the testicle. The needle is used to aspirate sperm directly from the testicular tissue. Depending on the condition of the testicles and the sperm quality, multiple attempts may be needed to collect enough sperm for use in fertility treatments.
  
• Post-Procedure Care: After the procedure, the patient may experience mild discomfort or swelling in the scrotum. The doctor will provide post-procedure care instructions, which may include using ice packs to reduce swelling and avoiding strenuous activities for a few days.
  
• Use in IVF/ICSI: The sperm retrieved through TESA is then used in assisted reproductive technologies like IVF or ICSI. In ICSI, a single sperm is injected directly into an egg, increasing the chances of successful fertilization.

TESA is typically recommended for men who are experiencing infertility due to one of the following conditions:

• Azoospermia: Men with no sperm in their ejaculate, often due to a blockage or absence of sperm production.

• Obstructive Azoospermia: A condition where sperm production is normal, but there is a blockage in the reproductive tract that prevents sperm from being ejaculated. This can be caused by conditions like vasectomy, infections, or genetic factors.

• Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: A condition where there is no sperm production in the testes. In this case, sperm may still be retrieved through TESA, although the chances of successful retrieval can vary.

• Ejaculatory Dysfunction: Men who are unable to ejaculate sperm due to physical or psychological conditions.

• Testicular Injury or Surgery: Men who have undergone testicular surgery or have testicular injury that impacts sperm delivery.
  

• Improved Fertility Options: TESA provides men with azoospermia a chance to have biological children through IVF or ICSI, which may not have been possible without sperm retrieval.

• Minimally Invasive: TESA is a minimally invasive procedure performed under local anesthesia, which significantly reduces recovery time compared to other surgical options.

• Quick Recovery: Recovery time is relatively short, and most men can return to normal activities within a few days.

• High Success Rates: When combined with IVF or ICSI, TESA has a high success rate, especially in cases of obstructive azoospermia, where sperm production is normal but blocked.
  

Like any medical procedure, TESA has some potential risks and side effects. These may include:

• Infection: Any surgical procedure carries a risk of infection, though this is relatively rare with TESA.

• Bleeding or Hematoma: Some bleeding may occur at the needle insertion site, leading to a small hematoma (blood clot) in the scrotum.

• Testicular Damage: Although rare, there is a slight risk of testicular injury or damage to the sperm-producing cells in the testes.

• Discomfort: Mild discomfort or swelling in the scrotum is common after the procedure but usually resolves within a few days.
  

The success rate of TESA treatment depends on several factors, including the underlying cause of infertility, the health of the testes, and the quality of the sperm retrieved. In general, TESA is more successful in cases of obstructive azoospermia (blockage of the sperm ducts) than in non-obstructive azoospermia (where the testes do not produce sperm). However, even in cases of non-obstructive azoospermia, TESA can still be successful in retrieving sperm.

The cost of TESA treatment in Chennai varies based on several factors, including the clinic or hospital, the complexity of the procedure, and additional fertility treatments such as IVF or ICSI. Typically, the cost of the procedure can range from INR 30,000 to INR 60,000, with additional costs for sperm storage, fertilization, and embryo transfer. It is important to consult with a fertility specialist to get an accurate estimate based on individual needs.

TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration) offers a promising solution for men with infertility issues, particularly those with azoospermia. Whether due to blockages or the absence of sperm production, TESA allows for the retrieval of sperm directly from the testicles and opens the door for advanced fertility treatments like IVF and ICSI. In Chennai, TESA has become an essential part of the fertility treatment landscape, providing hope for many couples seeking to start or expand their families. If you are considering TESA, consult with a fertility specialist to understand if it's the right option for your specific needs.